Essential Biology Note ((better)) May 2026

Ecosystems are communities of living and non-living components that interact with each other in a specific environment. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment.

Ecosystems can be terrestrial, freshwater, or marine, and they support a vast array of plant and animal species. Understanding ecosystems is crucial for managing natural resources, conserving biodiversity, and mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment.

\[Photosynthesis = 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + Light Energy → C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2\]

\[Evolution = Variation + Heritability + Differential Reproduction\]

\[DNA Structure = Sugar + Phosphate + Nitrogenous Base\]

Cells are the basic units of life, and all living organisms are composed of one or more cells. There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells, such as bacteria, lack a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells, found in plants, animals, fungi, and protists, have a true nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells generate energy from glucose.

Evolution is the process by which populations of living organisms change over time. Natural selection is a key driving force behind evolution, where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those traits to their offspring.